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LDP11 Landscape Sensitivity and Capacity Assessment for Onshore Wind Turbine Development

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6. SECTION 5: EVALUATION OF LANDSCAPE STRATEGY AREAS AND CAPACITY ASSESSMENTS

6.1 A total of 15 Landscape Strategy Areas were identified across the study area as illustrated in Figure 6. These are listed below in Table 5.1 together with an overall evaluation of their landscape and visual sensitivity in relation to wind energy development.

Table 5.1: Summary of Strategy Areas and Overall Sensitivity

Landscape Strategy Area
Landscape Strategy Area Location 20
Ref
Name
Overall Sensitivity
Conwy
Denbighshire
Page Number
2
Vale of Clwyd
High
5%
95%
102
3
South Clwydian Hills
Medium-High
5%
95%
104
7
Clocaenog Forest
Low
50%
50%
106
8
Cerrig Uplands
High
90%
10%
108
9
Denbigh Moors
High
80%
20%
110
10
Rhos Hills
High
60%
40%
112
11
Elwy Valley
High
95%
5%
114
12
Conwy Valley
High
100%
116
13
North West Conwy Coast
High
100%
118
14
Colwyn Coast
High
95%
5%
120
15
Coastal Flats
Medium
45%
55%
122

20 The location of each strategy area is split into approximate percentage coverage where the landscape strategy areas include parts of Conwy and Denbighshire

Approach to Evaluating Landscape Strategy Areas

6.2 The following text describes the how the evaluation, capacity assessment and guidance notes are presented for each strategy area:
  • Each strategy area has a key plan and text describing its location and landscape context.
  • The references for the landscape units which are found within each strategy area are also listed.
  • A statement of the overall sensitivity of the strategy area in relation to wind energy development is presented, together with a justification of the assessment.
  • A list of the landscape, visual and cultural heritage characteristics and qualities which are susceptible to wind energy development is provided for each strategy area. Designated features are listed separately. It should be noted that Registered Historic Landscapes and the Heritage Coast, whilst not statutorily protected, are considered to be of national value and are therefore included within the list of designations for the relevant area.
  • The landscape strategy for the area is set out including the landscape objective(s) for the area, a record of operational and consented wind energy development (March 2013), an indication of the relative amounts of wind energy development which might be accommodated (indicative capacity) and area specific guidance notes regarding the scale, design and siting of wind energy developments in relation to each area.

It is important to note that the strategy area evaluation sheets must be read together with the relevant sensitivity evaluation sheets (these are listed before each table and also illustrated on each key plan for ease of reference).

Strategy Area 2 - Vale of Clwyd

6.3  Location and Context

The Vale of Clwyd strategy area is located between the upland areas of the Clwydian Hills to the east and Rhos Hills to the west. This area extends from the urban fringes of Rhyl and Prestatyn on the coast south to Llanelidan.

Landscape Units Included within this Strategy Area
A1 and A6 with small parts of B4; C3; D5 and D17

OVERALL SENSITIVITY TO WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
High
(Red)		 This is a highly valued landscape which lies close to and partly within the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB and includes other important landscape and cultural heritage designations. The area is also informally valued as a tranquil and historically settled landscape and provides a number of low key outdoor recreational opportunities. Parts of the area are open and serve as the foreground to views of the AONB and the Rhos Hills.
Key Landscape, Visual and Cultural Heritage Characteristics and Qualities which are Particularly Susceptible to Wind Energy Development Designated Features within the Strategy Area
  • Approximately 2% of the strategy area lies within the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB.
  • Offa’s Dyke Path national trail runs through an urban environment to the far north east (thus lessening the sensitivity of this feature in this particular area).
  • Sustrans - North Wales Coast cycle route (NCN Route 5).
  • Approximately 60% of the strategy area is within Dyffryn Clwyd (The Vale of Clwyd) Registered Historic Landscape.*
  • Important scheduled monuments including Denbigh Castle, the Marble Church and Rhuddlan Castle.
  • Registered Parks and Gardens.*
Other Susceptible Landscape, Visual and Cultural Heritage Features
  • Broad river valley defined by the Clwydian Range to the east and the Rhos Hills to the west.
  • Scenic landscape back-dropped by views of surrounding hills.
  • Complex and historic pattern of pastoral farmland, woodland settlements and historic parkland.
  • Much of this area has a tranquil and undisturbed character.
  • Although views within and along the valley are often contained by vegetation, from many parts there is good intervisibility with the Clwydian Range and Rhos Hills.
  • North of the A55 there are typically more open views towards the coast.
  • High numbers of sensitive visual receptors, including users of the A55 torusit route and visitors to the coast and Rhos Hills, users of Offa’s Dyke Path, Brenig Way, Clwydian Way, Dyserth Cycleway, the North Wales Path and the Sustrans - North Wales Coast cycle route (NCN Route 5).
  • Historic landscape with a rich time-depth and a number of important features which are also visitor attractions.
*(undesignated but recognised as being of national value)
LANDSCAPE STRATEGY AND GUIDANCE FOR SITING WIND TURBINES
Landscape Objective Landscape Protection
Baseline Wind Energy Development (March 2013) 1 no.micro scale development, located just off the A55 to the east of St Asaph.
Indicative Overall Capacity Despite this strategy area’s partial AONB status and high sensitivity there may be capacity for further micro scale development in addition to the one already present near St Asaph, but only where this relates well to the existing built environment. This could typically comprise single turbines up to 20m blade tip height. These should be clearly separated so that their effects remain local and there is no collective / cumulative defining influence on the landscape.
Guidance on Siting
  • Section 6 of this document provides generic siting and guidance. In addition the following guidance should apply:
  • Conserve the natural beauty of the valley and the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB, its special qualities and its wider setting.
  • Consider the effects of development on the wider setting of the Rhos Hills.
  • Maintain the tranquillity of the valley and adjoining areas.
  • Ensure that the developments are clearly separate so that their effect on the perception of landscape remains local and there is no collective defining influence on the experience of the landscape.
  • Maintain the integrity of Dyffryn Clwyd (The Vale of Clwyd) Registered Historic Landscape.
  • Protect the settings and key views to and from important cultural heritage such as Denbigh Castle, the Marble Church and Rhuddlan Castle.
  • Maintain intervisibility between cultural heritage features on the neighbouring hilltops.
  • Ensure new access tracks do not damage historic field patterns and replant any hedges affected by construction.
  • Avoid siting any turbines within the sight lines of key views.
  • Avoid cumulative effects on the coastline, popular viewpoints and routes such as the A55, A525, Offa’s Dyke Path national trail, Brenig Way, Clwydian Way, Dyserth Cycleway, the North Wales Path and the Sustrans - North Wales Coast cycle route (NCN Route 5) – use visualisations to assess sequential views (including views to existing turbines).
  • Site turbines close to existing buildings to avoid the proliferation of development within the wider landscape and erosion of rural characteristics.

Strategy Area 3 - South Clwydian Hills

6.4  Location and Context

The South Clwydian Hills strategy area is located towards the south of Denbighshire between the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB and Clocaenog Forest.

Landscape Units Included within this Strategy Area
D5 with a small part of D4

OVERALL SENSITIVITY TO WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
Medium - High
Amber		 This is a moderately valued landscape which lies close to the western edge of the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB. The south western part of this area lies close to and forms part of the wider setting of the Cerrigydrudion and A5 Corridor Special Landscape Area. The area is also informally valued for its scenic and tranquil rural character and provides a number of outdoor recreational opportunities. There is an openness and visibility to and from the higher ground.
Key Landscape, Visual and Cultural Heritage Characteristics and Qualities which are Particularly Susceptible to Wind Energy Development Designated Features within the Strategy Area
  • Small Open Access Area to the south east.
Other Susceptible Landscape, Visual and Cultural Heritage Features
  • Complex interlocking pattern of strongly undulating and rolling hills and valley slopes.
  • Complex mosaic of pastoral farmlandwith some large areas of woodland, open hillside and scarp slopes.
  • Much of this area has a tranquil and undisturbed character and is informally valued for its low key recreational opportunities.
  • Although views to and from less elevated parts of this area are typically enclosed by landform and vegetation, long distance and panoramic views are afforded from the higher accessible hilltops, with views to and from Snowdonia National Park and the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB, including from the Caer Drewyn Hillfort.
LANDSCAPE STRATEGY AND GUIDANCE FOR SITING WIND TURBINES
Landscape Objective Landscape Protection - all areas that lie within or contribute to the outlook and setting of the AONB. Landscape Accommodation- areas that do not contribute to the outlook and setting of the AONB and are outside the AONB.
Current Wind Energy Development (March 2013) 1 no. micro scale development and 3 no.small scale developments located to the east of the A494, near the small settlement of Gwyddelwern.
Indicative Overall Capacity Strategically this area lies between and serves as a narrow buffer between the areas of wind development proposed within TAN 8 SSA A at Clocaenog Forest and the AONB. Any development within this strategy area may exacerbate the effects of development within the SSA and may harm the special qualities of the AONB. Notwithstanding this, the parts of this strategy area which are not deemed to contribute to the setting or views to and from the AONB may have the capacity for some additional micro/small scale wind energy development. This could typically comprise single turbines up to 50m blade tip height where this relates well to the existing built environment. Developments should be clearly separated so that their effects remain local and there is no collective / cumulative defining influence on the landscape.
Guidance on Siting Section 6 of this document provides generic siting and guidance. In addition the following guidance should apply:
  • Conserve the natural beauty of the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB, its special qualities and its wider setting. The effect of wind development both within and beyond the AONB needs to be considered using visualisations. This strategy area occupies one of the narrowest stretches of landscape between the developments around Clocaenog Forest and the AONB. Development must avoid creating a sense of unacceptable encroachment, encirclement, prominence, or discordance, individually or cumulatively on the AONB.
  • Proliferation of smaller-scale wind energy developments can lead to a cumulative impact within such a sensitive landscape. It is therefore important to consider the locations of existing and proposed turbines when planning a new development.
  • Ensure that any developments are clearly separate so that their effect on the perception of landscape remains local and there is no collective defining influence on the experience of the landscape. This requires a particularly careful consideration of the cumulative effects of existing and proposed developments.
  • Conserve the natural beauty of the nearby Cynwyd and Llandrillo AOB, its special qualities (including tranquillity and sense of wilderness) and wider setting. Wind energy development must avoid creating a sense of unacceptable encroachment, encirclement, prominence or discordance in relation to the AOB, either individually or cumulatively.
  • Ensure that the distinctive pattern and scale of the hills and valleys is not compromised by tall turbines.
  • Maintain the tranquillity of the landscape and adjoining areas.
  • Protect key views to and from important cultural heritage features such as Caer Drewyn Hillfort.
  • Ensure new access tracks do not damage any historic field patterns and replant any hedges affected by construction.
  • Avoid siting development along open natural skylines, open hill slopes and within sight lines of key views.
  • Avoid cumulative effects on popular viewpoints, and routes including the A494 and Clwydian Way, Brenig Way and Dee Valley Way long distance routes and visitor attractions such as Llantysilio Mountain to the south – use visualisations to assess sequential views (including views to existing turbines).
  • Site turbines close to existing buildings to avoid the proliferation of development within the wider landscape and erosion of rural characteristics.

Strategy Area 7 - Clocaenog Forest

6.5  Location and Context

The Clocaenog Forest strategy area falls within both Denbighshire and Conwy and encompasses the much of Clocaenog Forest.

Landscape Units Included within this Strategy Area
D2

OVERALL SENSITIVITY TO WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
Low
(Yellow)		 Much of this heavily afforested strategy area lies within TAN 8 SSA A, which means that there is a presumption that the landscape can accommodate a degree of landscape change arising from the wind energy development. There are a number of existing and proposed developments both within it and in neighbouring areas to the west. Therefore it is considered to have a low sensitivity to wind energy development.
Key Landscape, Visual and Cultural Heritage Characteristics and Qualities which are Particularly Susceptible to Wind Energy Development Designated Features within the Strategy Area
  • Approximately 10% of the strategy area is within Mynydd Hiraethog (Denbigh Moors) Registered Historic Landscape.*
Other Susceptible Landscape, Visual and Cultural Heritage Features
  • Pockets of moorland and settled farmland which form breaks within the forest.
  • Relatively remote and in places, tranquil landscape.
  • The landscape is informally valued as an important place for outdoor recreation.
  • Although views are typically contained by trees there are some extensive views to and from adjoining upland landscapes. The rolling well-treed skyline is prominent in many views from the surrounding area.
  • Provides the setting for the Clwydian Way and Hiraethog Trail.
  • Historic landscape with a rich time-depth.
*(undesignated but recognised as being of national value)
LANDSCAPE STRATEGY AND GUIDANCE FOR SITING WIND TURBINES
Landscape Objective New Landscape
There is a presumption in favour of wind energy development in this area.
Baseline Wind Energy Development (March 2013) The following wind energy developments are present in this strategy area:
  • 1 No. micro scale development
  • 4 No. small scale developments
  • 1 No. medium scale developments
  • 3 No. very large scale development (very large scale wind farm)
Indicative Overall Capacity The capacity of this area is not considered as part of this study due to its inclusion within TAN8 SSA A. However, any proposed developments within the area would need to consider the following guidance and be subject to review on a case by case basis.
Guidance on Siting Section 6 of this document provides generic siting and guidance. In addition the following guidance should apply:
  • Consider the effects of development on views to and from Snowdonia National Park and the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB.
  • Maintain the integrity of the Mynydd Hiraethog (Denbigh Moors) Registered Historic Landscape.
  • Protect the settings of designated and other important cultural heritage features and the key views to and from these features.
  • Maintain the tranquillity of the valley and adjoining hillsides.
  • Avoid siting wind energy development along open natural skylines, open hill slopes and within sight lines of key views.
  • Ensure new access tracks do not damage historic field patterns and replant any hedges affected by construction.
  • Avoid cumulative effects on popular routes including the Clwydian Way, Hiraethog Trail and local viewpoints – use visualisations to assess sequential views (including views to existing turbines).
  • Consider views from residential receptors, particularly those that already have views of existing wind energy developments within TAN 8 SSA A - siting should aim to avoid overbearing cumulative visual effects.

Strategy Area 8 - Cerrig Uplands

6.6  Location and Context

The Cerrig Uplands strategy area is located along the south western boundary of Conwy, extending from the Denbigh Moors and Clocaenog Forest south to the fringes of Snowdonia National Park.

Landscape Units Included within this Strategy Area
D3; D4; D11; and D15

OVERALL SENSITIVITY TO WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
High
(Red)		 This is a highly scenic landscape, much of which is locally designated as the Cerrigydrudion and A5 Corridor Special Landscape Area. The remote, tranquil and sparsely populated uplands are informally valued as the ‘gateway landscape’ to Snowdonia National Park. The area is also valued for providing low key outdoor recreational opportunities. There is an openness and notable intervisibility with highly sensitive landscapes outside this area such as Y Berwyn and particularly with the National Park.
The north eastern part of this landscape adjoins Clocaenog Forest and lies within TAN 8 SSA A is of lower sensitivity due to the presence of existing wind turbines.
Key Landscape, Visual and Cultural Heritage Characteristics and Qualities which are Particularly Susceptible to Wind Energy Development Designated Features within the Strategy Area
  • Approximately 30% of the strategy area is within Cerrigydrudion and A5 Corridor Special Landscape Area.
  • Approximately 5% of the strategy area is within HiraethogSpecial Landscape Area.
  • Open Access Land.
Other Susceptible Landscape, Visual and Cultural Heritage Features
  • High scenic quality.
  • Open valley with a small upland plateau to the north west. Informally valued as a remote and typically tranquil landscape which forms the gateway to Snowdonia National Park – the A5 historic route is one of the main tourist routes into the Park and has strong cultural associations.
  • The west and south west part of the area afford extensive panoramic views to and from Snowdonia National Park.
  • Typically open, expansive and far reaching views into and out of this area from areas of higher ground.
  • Provides the setting for low key outdoor recreation.
  • Provides the setting for the Clwydian Way and Hiraethog Trail.
LANDSCAPE STRATEGY AND GUIDANCE FOR SITING WIND TURBINES
Landscape Objective Three landscape objectives apply within this strategy area, as follows:
In areas within TAN 8 SSA A the objective is Landscape Change. This is because it is recognised that there is a presumption in favour of wind energy development in TAN 8 areas.
In the Special Landscape Area and areas within close proximity to Snowdonia National Park the objective is Landscape Protection.
For all other parts of this strategy area the most appropriate approach is considered to be Landscape Accommodation.
Baseline Wind Energy Development (March 2013) Within this strategy area the following wind energy developments are mainly located just south of Moel Gwern-nannau, to the south west of Cerrigydrudion:
  • 4 no. micro scale development
  • 6 no. small scale developments
  • 3 no. medium scale developments
  • 3 no. large scale developments (large scale wind farms)
Indicative Overall Capacity This strategy area has different landscape objectives and therefore varying capacity to accommodate wind energy development. Outside TAN 8 SSA A it is considered that there may be some capacity for small to medium scale wind energy development although this is likely to be very limited in the Special Landscape Area and close to Snowdonia National Park and will also be dependent on other existing and proposed developments. The overriding aim must be to avoid cumulative effects and protect the setting and views to and from the National Park.
Guidance on Siting Section 6 of this document provides generic siting and guidance. In addition the following guidance should apply:
  • Consider the effects of development on the approach and views to and from Snowdonia National Park.
  • Conserve the natural beauty of the Cerrigydrudion and A5 Corridor Special Landscape Area, its special qualities and its wider setting. The siting and design of any proposed wind energy development should not significantly alter the perception of tranquillity and remoteness for which a large part of this area is valued.
  • Avoid siting wind energy development along open natural skylines, open hill slopes and within sight lines of key views.
  • Protect the settings of designated and other important cultural heritage features and key views to and from these features.
  • Ensure new access tracks do not damage historic field patterns and replant any hedges affected by construction.
  • Avoid cumulative effects on popular routes including the A5 historic route, the Clwydian Way, Hiraethog Trail and local viewpoints – use visualisations to assess sequential views (including views to existing turbines).
  • Consider views from residential receptors, particularly those that already have views of existing wind energy developments within TAN 8 SSA A - siting should aim to avoid cumulative visual effects.

Strategy Area 9 - Denbigh Moors

6.7  Location and Context

The Denbigh Moors strategy area is located to the west of Clocaenog Forest. Its western edge adjoins Snowdonia National Park.

Landscape Units Included within this Strategy Area
D10 and small parts of D16 and D2

OVERALL SENSITIVITY TO WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
High
(Red)		 This is a highly scenic and historic upland plateau which lies within the Hiraethog Special Landscape Area and Mynydd Hiraethog (Denbigh Moors) Registered Historic Landscape.
The moors withtheirextensive tracts of blanket bog and heather moorland are remote, tranquil and sparsely populated. They are greatly valued for their scenery (particularly in the west) and for providing low key outdoor recreational opportunities. There is an openness and notable intervisibility with other highly sensitive landscapes such as Snowdonia National Park and the Clwydian Range.
The eastern part of this landscape lies within TAN 8 SSA A and is of lower sensitivity due to the presence of existing wind energy developments.
Key Landscape, Visual and Cultural Heritage Characteristics and Qualities which are Particularly Susceptible to Wind Energy Development Designated Features within the Strategy Area
  • Approximately 60% of the strategy area is within the Hiraethog Special Landscape Area.
  • Open Access Land.
  • Approximately 65% of the strategy area is within the Mynydd Hiraethog (Denbigh Moors) Registered Historic Landscape.*
Other Susceptible Landscape, Visual and Cultural Heritage Features
  • High scenic quality.
  • Extensive tracts of blanket bog and heather moorland.
  • The overall perceptions of tranquillity and remoteness which are experienced in this area.
  • Panoramic and far reaching views to and from other highly sensitive landscapes including Snowdonia National Park and more distantly the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB.
  • Informally valued as a remote and typically tranquil landscape which provides the setting the setting for low key outdoor recreation.
  • Provides the setting for the Clwydian Way and Hiraethog Trail.
  • Historic Landscapewith a rich time-depth.
*(undesignated but recognised as being of national value)
LANDSCAPE STRATEGY AND GUIDANCE FOR SITING WIND TURBINES
Landscape Objective Two landscape objectives apply within this strategy area, as follows:
In areas within TAN 8 SSA A the objective is Landscape Change. This is because it is recognised that there is a presumption in favour of wind energy development in TAN 8 areas.
For all other parts of this area the objective is Landscape Protection.
Baseline Wind Energy Development (March 2013) Within this strategy area the following wind energy developments are mainly located mainly in the north west of the area:
  • 1 no. micro scale development
  • 1 no. small scale developments
  • 4 no. medium scale developments
Indicative Overall Capacity This strategy area has different landscape objectives and therefore varying capacity to accommodate wind energy development. Outside TAN 8 SSA A it is considered that there may the capacity for some small to medium scale wind energy developments although this is likely to be very limited in the Special Landscape Area, the Historic Landscape and close to Snowdonia National Park and is also heavily dependent on other existing and proposed developments. The overriding aim must be to avoid cumulative effects and protect the setting and views to and from the National Park. It is also considered important to maintain the general openness and wilderness character of the moors.
Guidance on Siting Section 6 of this document provides generic siting and guidance. In addition the following guidance should apply:
  • In order to maintain its remote and wild quality, all proposed wind energy development should avoid the open moorland to the north and immediately south of the A543.
  • Consider the effects of development on views to and from Snowdonia National Park – the skyline created by the moors is important in views from the Park.
  • Conserve the natural beauty of the Hiraethog Special Landscape Area, its special qualities and its wider setting. The siting and design of any proposed wind energy development should not significantly alter the perception of tranquillity and remoteness for which a large part of this area is valued.
  • Maintain the integrity of the Mynydd Hiraethog (Denbigh Moors) Registered Historic Landscape.
  • Avoid siting wind energy development along open natural skylines, open hill slopes and within sight lines of key views.
  • Protect the settings of designated and other important cultural heritage features and the key views to and from these features.
  • Avoid cumulative effects on popular routes including the A543, the Clwydian Way and Hiraethog Trail and local viewpoints – use visualisations to assess sequential views (including views to existing turbines).
  • Ensure new access tracks do not damage historic field patterns and replant any hedges affected by construction.
  • Site turbines close to existing buildings to avoid the proliferation of development within the wider landscape and erosion of rural characteristics.
  • Consider views from residential receptors, particularly those that already have views of existing wind energy developments within TAN 8 SSA A - siting should aim to avoid overbearing cumulative visual effects.
  • A number of small-scale wind energy developments can quickly give rise to cumulative effects in such an open landscape. It is therefore important to carefully consider the locations of existing and proposed turbines when planning a new development.

Strategy Area 10 – Rhos Hills

6.8  Location and Context

The Rhos Hills strategy area is located centrally within the study area and includes part of Conway and Denbighshire.

Landscape Units Included within this Strategy Area
C3; C4; D1; and D8

OVERALL SENSITIVITY TO WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
High
(Red)		 This is a highly scenic and historic landscape which lies within the Elwy and Aled Valleys Special Landscape Area, Rhyd Y Foel to Abergele Special Landscape Areaand Dyffryn Clwyd (The Vale of Clwyd) and Pen Isaf Dyffryn Elwy (Lower Elwy Valley) Registered Historic Landscape. The mosaic of undulating hills and valleys, which arerelatively remote, tranquil and sparsely settled are valued for their scenery and for providing low key outdoor recreational opportunities. The area is seen as a line of hills and natural skyline which contains the western edge of the Vale of Clwyd. There is an openness and notable intervisibility with other highly sensitive landscapes including, Snowdonia National Park and the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB. There are some small scale wind energy developments scattered through the area, which locally influence the landscape.
Key Landscape, Visual and Cultural Heritage Characteristics and Qualities which are Particularly Susceptible to Wind Energy Development Designated Features within the Strategy Area
  • Approximately 8% of the strategy area is within the Elwy and Aled Valleys Special Landscape Area.
  • Approximately 5% of the strategy area is within the Rhyd Y Foel to Abergele Special Landscape Area.
  • Open Access Land.
  • Approximately 5% of the strategy area is within Dyffryn Clwyd (The Vale of Clwyd) and Pen Isaf Dyffryn Elw (Lower Elwy Valley) Historic Landscapes.*
  • Registered Parks and Gardens.*
Other Susceptible Landscape, Visual and Cultural Heritage Features
  • High scenic quality.
  • Mosaic of pastoral farmland, open upland grazing and woodland.
  • The overall perceptions of tranquillity and remoteness which are experienced in this area.
  • Although views within the valleys are contained by landform and vegetation, the higher ground provides expansive and far reaching views to and from other highly sensitive landscapes including Snowdonia National Park, the coast and the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB as well as local landmarks such as Denbigh Castle.
  • Informally valued as a remote and typically tranquil landscape which provides for low key outdoor recreation.
  • Provides the setting for the Clwydian Way and Hiraethog Trail.
  • Historic landscape with a rich time-depth and a number of designed parkland landscapes.
*(undesignated but recognised as being of national value)
LANDSCAPE STRATEGY AND GUIDANCE FOR SITING WIND TURBINES
Landscape Objective Two landscape objectives apply within this strategy area, as follows:
In the Special Landscape Areas the objective is Landscape Protection
For all other parts of this strategy area, the objective is Landscape Accommodation
Baseline Wind Energy Development (March 2013) The following wind energy developments are dispersed through this large strategy area:
  • 4 no. micro scale developments
  • 4 no. small scale developments
Indicative Overall Capacity This strategy area has different landscape objectives and therefore varying capacity to accommodate wind energy development. Whilst there may be capacity for some micro scale and small scale wind energy development, this will be very limited within the Special Landscape Areas, Historic Landscapes and in more elevated areas which comprise the line of hills and natural skyline that contain the western edge of the Vale of Clwyd. Overall capacity is also heavily dependent on other existing and proposed developments, but could typically comprise single or small clusters of turbines up to 50m blade tip height. Small scale developments may be more appropriate to the north west where there are fewer receptors in particular in landscape unit D8; whereas micro scale may be more appropriate elsewhere.
Guidance on Siting Section 6 of this document provides generic siting and guidance. In addition the following guidance should apply:
  • Conserve the natural beauty of the Elwy and Aled Valleys Special Landscape Area and Rhyd Y Foel to Abergele Special Landscape Areas, their special qualities and their wider setting. The siting and design of any proposed wind energy development should not significantly alter the perception of tranquillity and remoteness for which a large part of this area is valued.
  • Consider the effects of development on views to and from Snowdonia National Park and Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB.
  • Maintain the integrity of Dyffryn Clwyd (The Vale of Clwyd) and Pen Isaf Dyffryn Elwy (Lower Elwy Valley) Registered Historic Landscapes.
  • This area is seen as a line of hills and natural skyline containing the western edge of the Vale of Clwyd. Avoid siting wind energy development along open natural skylines, open hill slopes and within sight lines of key views.
  • Protect the settings of designated and other important cultural heritage features and the key views to and from these features.
  • Avoid cumulative effects on popular routes including the Clwydian Way and Hiraethog Trail and local viewpoints – use visualisations to assess sequential views (including views to existing turbines).

Strategy Area 11 – Elwy Valley

6.9  Location and Context

The Elwy Valley strategy area is formed by the valleys of the Rivers Elwy and Aled and is a distinct landscape located within the wider area of the rolling uplands of the Rhos Hills.

Landscape Units Included within this Strategy Area
B2 and parts of C4 and D1

OVERALL SENSITIVITY TO WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
High
(Red)		 This is a scenic and historic landscape which lies within the Elwy and Aled Valleys Special Landscape Area and Pen Isaf Dyffryn Elwy (Lower Elwy Valley) Registered Historic Landscape. The deeply incised and unspoilt river valleyisremote, tranquil and unspoilt. The higher valley sides afford long views across the Rhos Hills to Snowdonia National Park and the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB.
Key Landscape, Visual and Cultural Heritage Characteristics and Qualities which are Particularly Susceptible to Wind Energy Development Designated Features within the Strategy Area
  • Approximately 70% of the strategy area is included within the Elwy and Aled Valleys Special Landscape Area.
  • Approximately 5% of the strategy area is included within the Pen Isaf Dyffryn Elwy (Lower Elwy Valley) Registered Historic Landscape.*
  • Registered Parks and Gardens.*
Other Susceptible Landscape, Visual and Cultural Heritage Features
  • Highly scenic.
  • Deeply incised narrow river valley.
  • Mosaic of pastures, woodland and scrub.
  • The overall perceptions of tranquillity and remoteness which are experienced in this unspoilt area.
  • Although views within the valleys are contained by landform and vegetation, the higher ground provides long views to and from other highly sensitive landscapes including the Rhos Hills, Snowdonia National Park and the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB.
  • Historic landscape with a rich time-depth and a number of designed parkland landscapes.
*(undesignated but recognised as being of national value)
LANDSCAPE STRATEGY AND GUIDANCE FOR SITING WIND TURBINES
Landscape Objective Landscape Protection
Baseline Wind Energy Development (March 2013) There are currently no existing or proposed wind energy developments within this strategy area.
Indicative Overall Capacity Although this strategy area currently has no wind energy development within it, there may be scope for limited micro scale development on the upper slopes. This could typically comprise single turbines up to 20m blade tip height. These should be clearly separated so that there is no collective / cumulative defining influence on the landscape. Care must be taken to ensure that there are no adverse effects on the character or views out from the valley.
Guidance on Siting Section 6 of this document provides generic siting and guidance. In addition the following guidance should apply:
  • Conserve the natural beauty of the Elwy and Aled Valleys Special Landscape Area, its special qualities and wider setting. The siting and design of any proposed wind energy development should not significantly alter the perception of tranquillity and remoteness.
  • Consider the effects of development on views to and from Snowdonia National Park, the Rhos Hills and the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB.
  • Maintain the integrity of the Pen Isaf Dyffryn Elwy (Lower Elwy Valley) Registered Historic Landscape.
  • Avoid diminishing the scale of the valley through inappropriate turbine siting.
  • Protect the settings of designated and other important cultural heritage features and the key views to and from these features.
  • Ensure new access tracks do not damage historic field patterns and replant any hedges affected by construction.
  • Avoid siting any turbines within the sight lines of key views.
  • Site turbines close to existing buildings to avoid the proliferation of development within the wider landscape and erosion of rural characteristics.

Strategy Area 12 – Conwy Valley

6.10  Location and Context

The Conwy Valley strategy area is located along the eastern boundary of Denbighshire, extending from Conwy in the north south past Llanrwst.

Landscape Units Included within this Strategy Area
B7 and D16

OVERALL SENSITIVITY TO WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
High
(Red)		 This is a highly valued valley landscape, which is enclosed by Snowdonia National Park and the Rhos Hills, lies close to and partly within the Conwy Valley Special Landscape Area and Pen Isaf Dyffryn Conwy (Lower Conwy Valley) Registered Historic Landscape. The area is also informally valued as a tranquil and relatively remote landscape and provides a number of low key outdoor recreational opportunities. There is openness and intervisibility between the higher ground and Snowdonia National Park, and the landscape serves as part of the wider setting of the Park.
Key Landscape, Visual and Cultural Heritage Characteristics and Qualities which are Particularly Susceptible to Wind Energy Development Designated Features within the Strategy Area
  • Approximately 80% of the strategy area is included within the Conwy Valley Special Landscape Area.
  • Parts of the essential setting of Conwy Castle, Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd World Heritage Site.
  • A small area of Open Access Land to the far west of the area.
  • Sustrans - North Wales Coast cycle route (NCN Route 5).
  • Approximately 20% of the strategy area is included within Pen Isaf Dyffryn Conwy (Lower Conwy Valley) Registered Historic Landscape.*
  • Registered Parks and Gardens.*
Other Susceptible Landscape, Visual and Cultural Heritage Features
  • Highly scenic landscape which serves as part of the wider setting of Snowdonia National Park - the A470 is one of the main tourist routes into the Park.
  • Well defined broad valley with a flat floodplain and strongly undulating valley sides.
  • Mosaic of woodland and pasture with numerous field and hedgerow trees.
  • Informally valued as a remote and typically tranquil landscape.
  • Some long ranging views are afforded within the valley itself in particular to the north and south along the flat valley floor.
  • The higher valley sides afford extensive westerly views to and from Snowdonia National Park and more distantly to the Denbigh Moors and the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB.
  • Informally valued for low key outdoor recreation opportunities including long distance routes such as the North Wales Path (part of the Wales Coast Path).
  • Historic landscape with a rich time-depth and a number designed parkland landscapes.
*(undesignated but recognised as being of national value)
LANDSCAPE STRATEGY AND GUIDANCE FOR SITING WIND TURBINES
Landscape Objective Landscape Protection
Baseline Wind Energy Development (March 2013) 2 no. medium scale developments are located to the south east of this area, adjacent to the Denbigh Moors.
There is also one micro scale development just outside this area to the north west within Snowdonia National Park.
Indicative Overall Capacity This strategy area may have scope for further micro scale development on the higher slopes. This could typically comprise single turbines up to 20m blade tip height. These should be clearly separated so that there is no collective / cumulative defining influence on the landscape. Care must be taken to ensure that there are no adverse effects on the character or views out from the valley.
Guidance on Siting Section 6 of this document provides generic siting and guidance. In addition the following guidance should apply:
  • Conserve the natural beauty of the Conwy Valley Special Landscape Area, its special qualities and wider setting. The siting and design of any proposed wind energy development should not significantly alter the perception of tranquillity and remoteness.
  • Development should not compromise the natural beauty and wider setting of Snowdonia National Park – the open skylines of this strategy area are an important component of views from the Park and should be protected.
  • Maintain the integrity of Pen Isaf Dyffryn Conwy (Lower Conwy Valley) Registered Historic Landscape.
  • Avoid diminishing the scale of the valley through inappropriate turbine siting.
  • Protect the settings of designated and other important cultural heritage features and the key views to and from these features including Conwy Castle, Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd World Heritage Site.
  • Ensure new access tracks do not damage historic field patterns and replant any hedges affected by construction.
  • Avoid siting any turbines within the sight lines of key views.
  • Avoid cumulative effects on the A470 and other popular routes and local viewpoints – use visualisations to assess sequential views (including views to existing turbines).
  • Site turbines close to existing buildings to avoid the proliferation of development within the wider landscape and erosion of rural characteristics.
  • A number of small-scale wind energy developments can lead to a cumulative effect on such a sensitive landscape. It is therefore important to consider the locations of existing and proposed turbines when planning a new development.

Strategy Area 13 – North West Conwy Coast

6.11  Location and Context

The North West Conwy Coast strategy area is located along northern coastline of Conwy from the western edge of Colwyn Bay to Llanfairfechan in the far west.

Landscape Units Included within this Strategy Area
A8; B7; and C10

OVERALL SENSITIVITY TO WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
High
(Red)		 This highly valued section of coastline comprises the Great Orme Heritage Coast – a series of dramatic limestone headlands and high hills and mountains interspersed with areas of more gentle coastal slopes and flatter lowland. In recognition of its natural beauty and historic value, much of it is designated within the Great Orme and Creuddyn Peninsular Special Landscape Area and Creuddyn a Chonwy (Creuddyn and Conwy) Historic Landscape. It contains Conwy Castle, Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd World Heritage Site and also forms part of the wider setting of Snowdonia National Park at a point where the mountains drop sharply down to meet the coast. One of the defining features of this strategy area is the complex coastal landform which creates locally important contrasts, not only in the scenery but also in the perception of tranquillity, wildness and remoteness within just a short distance.
Key Landscape, Visual and Cultural Heritage Characteristics and Qualities which are Particularly Susceptible to Wind Energy Development Designated Features within the Strategy Area
  • Approximately 20% of the strategy area is included within the Great Orme and Creuddyn Peninsular Special Landscape Area.
  • Conwy Castle, Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd World Heritage Site.
  • Great Orme Heritage Coast.*
  • Sustrans - North Wales Coast cycle route (NCN Route 5).
  • Approximately 70% of the strategy area is included within the Gogledd Arllechwedd (North Arllechwedd) and Creuddyn a Chonwy (Creuddyn and Conwy) Historic Landscapes.*
  • Scheduled hillforts.
  • Registered Parks and Gardens.*
Other Susceptible Landscape, Visual and Cultural Heritage Features
  • A mix of dramatic limestone headlands and high hills and mountains extending to the sea interspersed with more gentle coastal slopes and flatter lowland. The landform creates some highly distinctive skylines.
  • Typically small to medium scale.
  • A mosaic of pastures, woodland, open land, hillside and scarp slopes and cliffs with some large settlements and the A55 tourist route.
  • This section of the North Wales Coast is a popular tourist destination.
  • Elevated and panoramic views are afforded out from the Great Orme and other high points within this landscape strategy area to surrounding landscapes and seascapes, including Snowdonia National Park and Anglesey. Likewise views are afforded back to this area (particularly to the higher parts) from both upland and coastal areas.
  • High numbers of sensitive visual receptors, including users of the A55 tourist route and North Wales Coast Railway and visitors to the coast and Great Orme headland, users of the North Wales Path (part of the Wales Coast Path) long distance route and the North Wales Coast cycle route (NCN Route 5).
Historic landscape with a rich time-depth and a number of hilltop features and designed parkland landscapes.
*(undesignated but recognised as being of national value)
LANDSCAPE STRATEGY AND GUIDANCE FOR SITING WIND TURBINES
Landscape Objective Landscape Protection
Baseline Wind Energy Development (March 2013) The following wind energy developments are located close to the A55:
  • 2 no. micro scale developments.
Indicative Overall Capacity This strategy area may have the capacity for further micro scale wind energy development. This could typically comprise single turbines up to 20m blade tip height. Any new development should be very carefully sited to ensure that the special qualities of the area, including Snowdonia National Park are protected. It is recommended that wind energy development avoid the particularly sensitive Great Orme headland in order to minimise potential adverse effects in this area.
Guidance on Siting Section 6 of this document provides generic siting and guidance. In addition the following guidance should apply:
  • Conserve the natural beauty of the Great Orme and Creuddyn Peninsular Special Landscape Area, its special qualities and wider setting.
  • Development should not compromise the natural beauty and wider setting of Snowdonia National Park – the dramatic skylines of this strategy area are an important component of views from the Park and should be protected.
  • Maintain the integrity of the Creuddyn a Chonwy (Creuddyn and Conwy) Historic Landscape.
  • Wind energy development should not interrupt the open skylines or diminish the scale of the limestone headland and cliffs.
  • Protect the settings of designated and other important cultural heritage features and the key views to and from these features including in particular Conwy Castle, Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd World Heritage Site.
  • Avoid siting any turbines within the sight lines of key views.
  • Avoid cumulative effects for users of the A55, the North Coast Railway and other popular routes such as the North Wales Path (part of the Wales Coast Path) and North Wales Coast cycle route (NCN Route 5), local attractions and viewpoints – use visualisations to assess sequential views (including views to existing turbines).
  • Site turbines close to existing buildings to avoid the proliferation of development within the more open parts of the landscape and erosion of rural characteristics.
  • New onshore turbines could create significant cumulative effects between onshore and offshore developments by bringing the offshore ‘wind farm’ seascape towards the landscape - even small-scale wind energy developments when viewed together with the nearby large offshore wind farms could lead to adverse cumulative effects in this area. It is particularly important to use visualisations to assess potential cumulative effects in this area.

Strategy Area 14 – Colwyn Coast

6.12  Location and Context

The Colwyn Coast strategy area is located along the northern coastline of Conwy, from Colwyn Bay in the West to Abergele in the east and extends south past Dolwen.

Landscape Units Included within this Strategy Area
A3; A5; C4; and C9

OVERALL SENSITIVITY TO WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
High
(Red)		 Although the immediate coastal strip is largely developed for settlement and tourism, further inland a series of low rolling hills comprise a mosaic of pastoral farmland, small woodland blocks, estate woodlands and historic parklands. In recognition of its natural beauty and historic value, much of it is designated within the Rhyd Y Foel to Abergele Special Landscape Area. One of the defining features of this strategy area is the contrast between the busy and developed coastline and the perception of tranquillity and remoteness within just a short distance.
Key Landscape, Visual and Cultural Heritage Characteristics and Qualities which are Particularly Susceptible to Wind Energy Development Designated Features within the Strategy Area
  • Approximately 50% of the strategy area is included within the Rhyd Y Foel to Abergele Special Landscape Area.
  • Sustrans - North Wales Coast cycle route (NCN Route 5).
  • Bodelwyddan Castle.
  • Scheduled hillforts.
  • Registered Parks and Gardens.*
Other Susceptible Landscape, Visual and Cultural Heritage Features
  • Low lying, linear coast backed by steep sided low rolling hills encroach on the low lying coastline.
  • The developed coastal strip is a popular tourist destination.
  • Inland mosaic of pastoral farmland, small woodland blocks, estate woodlands and historic parkland landscapes.
  • The unspoilt, relatively remote and tranquil hills provide a strong contrast to the busy and developed coastal strip.
  • Views to the sea, coastal fringe and Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB are afforded from the higher ground to the south of the area and from the coastline. These include views of large offshore wind farms.
  • The limestone escarpments of landscape unit C9 are prominent landscape features within this area.
  • High numbers of sensitive visual receptors, including residents and visitors to the coast and its many attractions and users of the North Wales Path (part of the Wales Coast Path) and North Wales Coast cycle route (NCN Route 5).
  • Historic landscape with a number of hilltop features and designed parkland landscapes.
*(undesignated but recognised as being of national value)
LANDSCAPE STRATEGY AND GUIDANCE FOR SITING WIND TURBINES
Landscape Objective Landscape Protection
Baseline Wind Energy Development (March 2013) Within this strategy area the following wind energy developments are located within Colwyn Bay.
  • 1 no. small scale development.
Indicative Overall Capacity It is considered that this strategy area may have landscape capacity for further micro to small scale wind energy development. This could typically comprise single turbines up to 20m blade tip height. Any new development should be very carefully sited to avoid cumulative effects between onshore and offshore developments.
Guidance on Siting Section 6 of this document provides generic siting and guidance. In addition the following guidance should apply:
  • Conserve the natural beauty of the Rhyd Y Foel to Abergele Special Landscape Area, its special qualities and wider setting.
  • Wind energy development should not interrupt the open skylines and the sensitive hillsides in this area.
  • Wind energy development should not interrupt the open skylines or views to prominent landforms such as the limestone escarpments of landscape unit C9.
  • Protect the settings of designated and other important cultural heritage features and key views to and from these features.
  • Avoid siting any turbines within the sight lines of key views, particularly out to sea.
  • Avoid cumulative effects on views from the A55 tourist route, the North Coast Railway and other popular routes, including the North Wales Path (part of the Wales Coast Path) and North Wales Coast cycle route (NCN Route 5), local attractions and viewpoints – use visualisations to assess sequential views (including views to existing turbines).
  • In rural areas, site turbines close to existing buildings to avoid the proliferation of development within the more open parts of the landscape and erosion of rural characteristics.
  • New onshore turbines could create significant cumulative effects between onshore and offshore developments by bringing the offshore ‘wind farm’ seascape towards the landscape - even small-scale wind energy developments when viewed together with the nearby large offshore wind farms could lead to adverse cumulative effects in this area. It is particularly important to use visualisations to assess potential cumulative effects in this area.

Strategy Area 15 – Coastal Flats

6.13  Location and Context

The Coastal Flats strategy area is located along the coastline of Denbighshire, extending from Abergele in the west past Prestatyn in the east.

Landscape Units Included within this Strategy Area
A4

OVERALL SENSITIVITY TO WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
Medium
(Amber)		 This strategy area comprises large scale, flat coastal farmland with a narrow settled coastal fringe, which includes a major communications corridor along the A458 and the North Coast Railway. The developed coastline is a popular tourist destination.
The area where Gronant Dunes are located is particularly tranquil and scenic and the sensitivity in this locality is therefore considered high.
Key Landscape, Visual and Cultural Heritage Characteristics and Qualities which are Particularly Susceptible to Wind Energy Development Designated Features within the Strategy Area
  • Sustrans - North Wales Coast cycle route (NCN Route 5).
  • Offa’s Dyke Path national trail runs through the urban area to the far north east)ct the fact it runs through an urban environment in this Area (thus lessening the sensitivity of this feature in this particular area).
Other Susceptible Landscape, Visual and Cultural Heritage Features
  • The developed coastal strip is a popular tourist destination.
  • Gronant Dunes are particularly tranquil and scenic natural landscape feature in this area.
  • Expansive views are afforded to surrounding hills, settled lowlands, coastal fringe and Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB. These include views of large offshore wind farms.
  • High numbers of sensitive visual receptors, including residents and visitors to the coast and its many attractions and users of Offa’s Dyke Path, Clwydian Way, North Wales Path (part of the Wales Coast Path) and the North Wales Coast cycle route (NCN Route 5).
  • Provides the setting for the North Wales Coast cycle route (NCN Route 5), Offa’s Dyke Path, the North Wales Path (part of the Wales Coast Path) and the Clwydian Way.
LANDSCAPE STRATEGY AND GUIDANCE FOR SITING WIND TURBINES
Landscape Objective Landscape Accommodation
Baseline Wind Energy Development (March 2013) Within this strategy area the following wind energy developments are mainly located in and around Rhyl.
  • 3 no. micro scale developments.
  • 1 no. small–medium scale development (10 no. 18m high turbines. which is classed as ‘small–medium’ scale due to its low output of 60kW).
Indicative Overall Capacity It is considered that this strategy area may have landscape capacity for further micro to small scale wind energy development. This could typically comprise single turbines up to 20m blade tip height. Any new development should be very carefully sited to avoid cumulative effects between onshore and offshore developments. Developments on or adjacent to Gronant Dunes should be avoided.
Guidance on Siting Section 6 of this document provides generic siting and guidance. In addition the following guidance should apply:
  • Development should not compromise the natural beauty and wider setting of the Gronant Dunes.
  • Protect the settings of designated and other important cultural heritage features and the key views to and from these features.
  • Avoid siting any turbines within the sight lines of key views, particularly out to sea.
  • Avoid cumulative effects on views from the A55 tourist route, the North Coast Railway and other popular routes, including Offa’s Dyke Path, Clwydian Way, North Wales Path (part of the Wales Coast Path) and the North Wales Coast cycle route (NCN Route 5), local attractions and viewpoints – use visualisations to assess sequential views (including views to existing turbines).
  • In rural areas, site turbines close to existing buildings to avoid the proliferation of development within the more open parts of the landscape and erosion of rural characteristics.
  • New onshore turbines could create significant cumulative effects between onshore and offshore developments by bringing the offshore ‘wind farm’ seascape towards the landscape - even small-scale wind energy developments when viewed together with the nearby large offshore wind farms could lead to adverse cumulative effects in this area. It is particularly important to use visualisations to assess potential cumulative effects in this area.
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